Notes and essays on machine learning, economics, computational social science, and research.https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-01-starting-alone/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-01-starting-alone/Small capital, simple rules, and the hope of building a research process I could run alone.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-02-llm-factors/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-02-llm-factors/Local Qwen, a growing factor bank, and what survived re-evaluation.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-03-ema-dips/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-03-ema-dips/How a simple EMA dip rule changed, and why its backtest was not a live track record.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-04-comments-and-positions/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-04-comments-and-positions/Connecting comments, positions, and later behavior without treating text labels as identity.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-05-reinforcement-learning/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-05-reinforcement-learning/A TradeMaster-related experiment, five seeds, and a small gain that did not survive its checks.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-06-kimchi-premium/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-06-kimchi-premium/FX, funding, paired orders, and the capital consumed by a second strategy.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-07-funding-carry/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-07-funding-carry/Positive funding receipts did not guarantee positive returns after basis movement and costs.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-08-traditional-factors/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-08-traditional-factors/Tradable shorts, changing universes, and a cost-aware ensemble that selected no winner.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-09-statistical-arbitrage/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-09-statistical-arbitrage/Residuals, hedge ratios, sizing, and a recent DRY campaign with a narrower purpose.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-10-exchange-announcements/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-10-exchange-announcements/Publication timestamps, delayed entries, and a feed that remained useful even without an alpha.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-11-meme-booms/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-11-meme-booms/A retrospective question expanded into hundreds of contracts and a failed continuation test.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-12-buyback-disclosures/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-12-buyback-disclosures/Event timing, liquidity, and what happened when I increased position sizes.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-13-korean-equity-research/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-13-korean-equity-research/Screening, flow signals, SPACs, rights, and the difference between zero and unmeasured.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-14-single-stock-futures/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-14-single-stock-futures/Contract units, cash and collateral, reconciliation, and the unfinished quote-reception problem.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-15-gold-across-markets/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-15-gold-across-markets/Currency, grams, ounces, and redemption conditions changed the apparent gap.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-16-futures-relative-value/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-16-futures-relative-value/Five relative-value branches, small samples, and why similar labels did not mean identical payoffs.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-17-option-relative-value/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-17-option-relative-value/Replication, volatility surfaces, and the risk between separately filled legs.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-18-prediction-market-relations/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-18-prediction-market-relations/A semantic-pricing pilot lost its apparent edge to fees; wallet-copy work remained unfinished.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-19-prediction-markets-and-options/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-19-prediction-markets-and-options/Three research lanes, fresher prices, and a large simulated return with serious capacity caveats.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-20-research-engine/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-20-research-engine/Roles, deterministic calculations, memory, retries, and the moments that needed intervention.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-21-backtest-engine/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-21-backtest-engine/Three clocks, shared capital, compatible caches, and checks beyond headline returns.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-22-operating-engine/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-22-operating-engine/DRY and REAL, failed cancellation, late fees, and why a running process was not enough.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-on-my-own/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/investing-on-my-own/Twenty-two notes on my solo investment research: ideas, failed tests, data limits, and operating experience.Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTinvestingresearchinvesting-on-my-ownhttps://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/hello-world/https://donggyu-lee1.github.io/writing/hello-world/A small first note.Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTnotes